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Uses of POR in Spanish
“Por” means “for”, “because of”, “by” and several other meanings depending on the context.
Usage:
- To express gratitude or apology
Example: ¡gracias por la ayuda! (Thanks for the help!)
- For multiplication and division
Example: Dos por dos son cuatro. (Two times two equals four)
- For velocity, frequency and proportion
Example: Voy al restaurante cinco veces por semana. (I go to the restaurant five times a week)
- Meaning “through,” “along,” “by” or “in the area of”
Example: Andamos por el parque. (We walk through the park)
- When talking about exchange, including sales
Example: Él me dio diez dólares por el libro. (He gave me ten dollars for the book)
- To mean “on behalf of,” or “in favor of,”
Example: No voté por nadie. (I didn’t vote for anyone)
- To express a length of time
Example: yo estudié por dos horas. (I studied for two hours)
- To express an undetermined, or general time, meaning “during”
Example: se puede ver las estrellas por la noche. (Stars can be seen at night)
- For means of communication or transportation
Example: prefiero viajar por tren y hablar por teléfono. (I prefer to travel by train and talk by phone)
- In cases of mistaken identity, or meaning “to be seen as”
Example: me tienen por loco. (They think I’m crazy)
- To show the reason for an errand
Example: voy por las frutas (in Spain, “voy a por las frutas”). (I go to get the fruits)
- When followed by an infinitive, to express an action that remains to be completed, use “por + infinitive”
Example: la cena está por prepararse/cocinarse. (The dinner is yet to be prepared)
- To express cause or reason
Example: el hombre murió por falta de agua. (The man died due to lack of water)
- “Estar por” means to be in the mood, or inclined to do something
Example: estoy por tomar café. (I feel like having some coffee)
- In passive constructions
Example: el libro fue escrito por Octavio Paz. (The book was written by Octavio Paz)
Some idiomatic expressions with “Por”:
Spanish | English | |
1 | por adelantado | in advance |
2 | por ahora | for now |
3 | por allí | around there; that way |
4 | por amor de Dios | for God’s sake |
5 | por aquí | around here; this way |
6 | por casualidad | by chance |
7 | por ciento | percent |
8 | por cierto | by the way |
9 | por completo | completely |
10 | por dentro | inside |
11 | por desgracia | unfortunately |
12 | por ejemplo | for example |
13 | por eso | therefore |
14 | por favor | please |
15 | por fin | finally, at last |
16 | por lo general | generally |
17 | por lo visto | apparently |
18 | por medio de | by means of |
19 | por lo menos | at least |
20 | por lo tanto | consequently; therefore |
21 | por mi parte | as for me |
22 | por ningún lado | nowhere |
23 | por otra parte (por otro lado) | on the other hand |
24 | palabra por palabra | word for word |
25 | por primera vez | for the first time |
26 | por separado | separately |
27 | por supuesto | of course |
28 | por suerte | fortunately |
29 | por todas partes | everywhere |
30 | por todos lados | on all sides |
31 | por último | finally |
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